Jade Dungeon

Raspberry Pi 视频采集

Easycap D60

最近入手了树莓派，而家里又装了机顶盒。 所以准备用树莓派采集机顶盒的视频， 然后再作为服务器将视频播放出来。这样用手机，ipad或PC都可以看电视了。

当然在网上也可以看电视，但老妈竟让抱怨在ipad看电视竟然断线。 所以就产生了这个想法。

首先是视频采集部分。在淘宝购入一usb采集卡，40左右。型号是Easycap D60. 关于这个东西的信息可以参考：

http://linuxtv.org/wiki/index.php/Easycap#Known_Easycap_devices

简单的说就是有很多山寨货，十分混乱，买的时候一定要问清是要stk1160 三芯片的卡。

采集卡就是这个样子的：

EasycapD60

现在最新的kernel中已经带有这个的驱动，但如果买的卡decoder芯片是GM7113的话， 现在3.10 的kernel上的驱动有问题。所以要去下个3.12的kernel，找出saa7115的驱动 （driver/media/i2c/saa7115.c），自行编个driver放进去才可以用，不然就是绿屏。

The EasyCAP DC60 works with the following applications on Linux

  • mplayer / mencoder
  • Tvtime
  • Vlc
  • Xawtv
  • Zoneminder
  • motion
  • gstreamer (cheese; you cannot select a different input than 0 in cheese)
  • gmerlin recorder
  • sox (audio)

至于如何编译kernel，可以参考 http://shumeipai.nxez.com/2013/10/09/raspberry-pi-kernel-cross-compiler.html

vlc player

Using the grafical interface for viewing:

In the main menu select "Media" > "Open Capture device"

  • into the field "Video device name" type:/dev/video0:input=1
  • into the field "Audio device name" type: plughw:1,0
  • (change the numbers according to your system if necessary)

If you have OSS audio:

  • into the field "Audio device name" type: /dev/dsp
  • check the 'Show more options' checkbox and
  • change the line in the 'Edit Options' dialog from "alsa" to "oss"
  • Now click on "Play" if you want to view with vlc.

mp4 - avi 

/usr/bin/cvlc v4l2:///dev/video0:input=1:width=720:height=576 --input-slave=alsa://plughw:1,0 --run-time 10 --sout='#transcode{vcodec=mp4v, vb=1024, acodec=mpga, ab=128}:std{access=file, mux=avi, dst=file_name.avi}' vlc://quit;

MPEG - DVD 

/usr/bin/cvlc v4l2:///dev/video1:input=1:width=720:height=576 --input-slave=alsa://plughw:1,0 --run-time 10 --sout='#transcode{vcodec=mp2v, vb=5000, acodec=mp2a, ab=128}:std{access=file, mux=mpeg1, dst=file_name.mpg}' vlc://quit;

MPlayer

然后安装mplayer 

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install mplayer

如果只要画面不要声音的话，运行： 

mplayer tv:// -tv driver=v4l2:norm=NTSC-M:width=720:height=480:outfmt=uyvy:device=/dev/video0:input=0

就可以看到画面了。如果要加上声音： 

mplayer tv:// -tv driver=v4l2:norm=NTSC-M:width=720:height=480:outfmt=uyvy:device=/dev/video0:input=0:fps=30:alsa:amode=1:forcechan=2:audiorate=48000:adevice=plughw.1,0:forceaudio:immediatemode=0 -ao sdl,alsa

如果是自带摄像头和麦克的笔记本电脑，/dev/video0和plughw.1,0可能已经被占了。 要换成/dev/video1和plughw.2,0： 

mplayer tv:// -tv driver=v4l2:norm=NTSC-M:width=720:height=480:outfmt=uyvy:device=/dev/video1:input=0:fps=30:alsa:amode=1:forcechan=2:audiorate=48000:adevice=plughw.2,0:forceaudio:immediatemode=0 -ao sdl,alsa

Viewing with MPlayer OSS: 

mplayer tv:// -tv driver=v4l2:norm=PAL:width=720:height=576:outfmt=uyvy:device=/dev/video0:input=1:fps=25:amode=1:forcechan=2:audiorate=48000:adevice=/dev/dsp:forceaudio:immediatemode=0 -ao sdl ,oss

如果输入的视频是PAL格式： 

mplayer tv:// -tv driver=v4l2:norm=PAL:width=720:height=576:outfmt=uyvy:device=/dev/video0:input=1:fps=25:alsa:amode=1:forcechan=2:audiorate=48000:adevice=hw.1,0:forceaudio:immediatemode=0 -vf pp=lb -aspect 16:9 -ao sdl -vo sdl

参数说明：

  • mplayer tv://
    • Switches mplayer to analogue TV mode. This command alone will work if all other needed options are specified in ~/.mplayer/config.
  • -tv driver=v4l2:norm=PAL:width=720:height=576:outfmt=uyvy:device=/dev/video0:input=1:fps=25
    • With the -tv option all settings for TV capturing are defined. Norm, device and input must be set right to see a picture. The FPS setting is only needed if mplayer doesn't recognize the right framerate. Consult mplayers manpage for more detailed description.
  • :alsa:amode=1:forcechan=2:audiorate=48000:adevice=hw.1,0:forceaudio:immediatemode=0
    • This line is the ALSA audio part of the TV settings. The audiorate must be appropriate for your device, 8000 is low quality but always safe.
    • If you do not want to capture audio, cut out this part of the command and add the -nosound option at the end of the mplayer command
  • -vf pp=lb -aspect 16:9 -ao sdl -vo sdl
    • Additional options: -vf opens a filter chain, -aspect sets the aspect of the mplayer window, -ao sdl defines sdl as audio-out driver and -vo sdl defines sdl as video-out driver to avoid picture problems (flickering, picture freeze). Read more about filters below at MEncoder.

More information about TV capturing with mplayer on linuxtv.org.

FFmpeg: Avplay

Avplay template command for viewing any v4l2 source: 

avplay -f video4linux2 /dev/video0

Avplay template command for viewing with sound: 

avplay -f video4linux2 -channel 1 -i /dev/video0 | avplay -f alsa -i hw:1 -nodisp

FFmpeg: Avconv

Avconv template command for creating a DivX 5 compatible mpeg4-mp3 video file (~10 MB/minute) 

avconv -f video4linux2 -channel 1 -i /dev/video0 -f alsa -i hw:1 -vcodec mpeg4 -vtag DX50 -b 1200k -r 25 -acodec libmp3lame -ar 44100 -ac 2 -ab 128k -vf yadif,scale=720:406  -y test.avi

FFmpeg

This line creates divx5 avi files 

ffmpeg -f video4linux2 -aspect 1.3333 -s 720x576 -r 25 -vc 1 -pix_fmt yuv420p -i /dev/video0 -f alsa -ar 44100 -ac 2 -acodec pcm_s16le -i hw:1 -vcodec mpeg4 -vtag DX50 -b 1200k -r 25 -acodec libmp3lame -ar 44100 -ac 2 -ab 128k -y test.avi

This line creates DVD mpeg files 

ffmpeg -v 9 -vsync 1 -map 0.0:1.0 -map 1.0 -tvstd PAL_BGHIN -f video4linux2 -pix_fmt uyvy422 -r 25 -s 720x576 -aspect 4:3 -i /dev/easycap0 -f oss -ac 2 -ab 192K -ar 48000 -i /dev/easysnd1 -b 4000k -bt 300k -acodec mp2 -ac 2 -ab 192k -a 48000 -vcodec mpeg2video -pix_fmt uyvy422 -me_method epzs -threads 4 -f vob test.mpg

推送流直播

使用FFmpeg

将你要直播推流的视频文件转换为flv格式，因为视频流直播只支持flv格式， 在后面推流的过程中，如果是其他格式有可能可以转换为flv，为什么说有可能呢， 因为事实证明mp4格式就不能转换为flv，在推流的过程中只有声音没有图像，很是蛋疼。

把文件推上直播流，在树莓派终端输入以下代码： 

ffmpeg -i "./sample.flv" -f flv "rtmp://dl.live.acg.tv/live-dl/你的直播码"   \
 -re -vcodec copy -acodec aac -b:a 192k
  • -f flv指定输出格式，这个必须是flv才能推到直播服务器。
  • -i指定输入文件地址。
  • -re按照视频的FPS进行推流。
  • -vcodec copy指定视频编码为复制。
  • -acodec aac音频使用aac编码。
  • -b:a 192k则是指定码率。

把采集卡的视频推上直播流： 

ffmpeg -i /dev/video1 -f flv "rtmp://elsa.jade-dungeon.net/hls/video01" \
	-f video4linux2 -r 6 -s 720x480                                       \
	-f alsa -i hw:2 -ab 16 -ar 22050 -ac 1 -f mp3 

# ffmpeg -f video4linux2 -r 6 -s 720x480 -i /dev/video1 -f alsa -i hw:2 -ab 16 -ar 22050 -ac 1 -f mp3 -f flv "rtmp://elsa.jade-dungeon.net/hls/video01"

把采集卡的视频推上直播流另一个例子： 

ffmpeg -i /dev/video0 -f flv "rtmp://127.0.0.1/rtmpsvr/rtmp1"  \
	-f video4linux2 -r 12 -s 640x480 -qscale 10                  \
	-f alsa -i hw:1 -ab 16 -ar 22050 -ac 1 -f mp3 

# ffmpeg -f video4linux2 -qscale 10 -r 12 -s 640x480 -i /dev/video0 -f alsa -i hw:1 -ab 16 -ar 22050 -ac 1 -f mp3 -f flv rtmp://127.0.0.1/rtmpsvr/rtmp1

把采集卡的视频推上直播流另一个例子： 

avconv -f video4linux2 -i /dev/video0 -q 1 -f alsa -i plughw:1,0 -ab 16000 -ar 22050 -ac 1 -q 1 -f flv rtmp://127.0.0.1:1935/rtmp/live -threads 2

使用GSteamer

avconv 采用软编码实现，因此 CPU 消耗比较高，推荐用 GStreamer 

#安装 GStreamer
sudo apt-get install gstreamer1.0-tools
#安装 GStreamer 扩展组件
sudo apt-get  install libgstreamer1.0-0 libgstreamer1.0-0-dbg libgstreamer1.0-dev liborc-0.4-0 liborc-0.4-0-dbg liborc-0.4-dev liborc-0.4-doc gir1.2-gst-plugins-base-1.0 gir1.2-gstreamer-1.0 gstreamer1.0-alsa gstreamer1.0-doc gstreamer1.0-omx gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad-dbg gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad-doc gstreamer1.0-plugins-base gstreamer1.0-plugins-base-apps gstreamer1.0-plugins-base-dbg gstreamer1.0-plugins-base-doc gstreamer1.0-plugins-good gstreamer1.0-plugins-good-dbg gstreamer1.0-plugins-good-doc gstreamer1.0-plugins-ugly gstreamer1.0-plugins-ugly-dbg gstreamer1.0-plugins-ugly-doc gstreamer1.0-pulseaudio gstreamer1.0-tools gstreamer1.0-x libgstreamer-plugins-bad1.0-0 libgstreamer-plugins-bad1.0-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-0 libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-dev

gst-launch-1.0 -v v4l2src device=/dev/video0 ! 'video/x-raw, width=1024, height=768, framerate=30/1' ! queue ! videoconvert ! omxh264enc ! h264parse ! flvmux ! rtmpsink location='rtmp://树莓派的IP地址/live live=1'


 



			

			
			
			

				

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